Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 17، number In Volume 2، May 2024 ، issue Number 96

The narratology of the novel " Umm Sa'd " by Ghassan Kanfani and "Totally Special" by Abbas Maroufi based on the theory of Gerard Genet

Shahla Navavajari , Shamsi Vaghefzadeh (Author in Charge), Masoumeh Khodadadi Mahabad

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Narration is one of the most important literary techniques and an essential element in literary theory, which helps us to understand literary texts. Many theorists have examined the structure of the narrative. The French general Georges is one of the most prominent structuralist theorists, whose theory is one of the most complete theories of narratology. The purpose of this research is to study and express narratology in the novel "Umm Saad" by Ghassan Kanfani and "Totally Special" by Abbas Maroufi based on Gerard Gennet"s theory.

METHODOLOGY: This descriptive-analytical study aims to analyze Persian and Arabic novels based on the narrative information of Genet, which is rooted in the individual personality and emotional experiences of the narrator, based on Genet"s narratological perspective. Analyze the narrative text of the narrative centers, the narrative distance, the narration expression, and the types of views prevailing and involved in both novels, and determine and record the power of the authors" storytelling analysis in changing the narrative system of the novel and the value of each..

CONCLUSION: Conclusion: The novels "Umm Sa"d" and "Totally Special" each more or less directly or indirectly return to their past, which turns the narrative into a time of retrospective depravity. But the difference between Kanfani and the famous novel is that the novel "Umm Sa"d" is realistic and reduces the audience"s distance from the text, and this has added to the dynamics of Kanfani"s narration and turned his work into a living text, while The novel is "completely special" in accordance with imaginary realism, and this sometimes takes the narrator away from the context of the narrative text and sometimes makes the narration harmonious and sometimes heterogeneous, which is the criterion of the semantic attitude of a famous work. "Kanfani and Maroufi" also used real places in the novel that have an external meaning. The narration of both novels is omniscient.

Keyword
Narrative , novel , Umm Saad , completely special , Geragent

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